*********************************************************************************** ** General Information *********************************************************************************** Census Profile, 2021 - Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions, Census Subdivisions and Dissemination Areas Catalogue number: 98-401-X2021006 Release date: 2022-12-15 Note on data quality and disclosure control For information on data quality, as well as random rounding, data suppression, and other methods of disclosure control, please consult the Guide to the Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-304-X, and the reference guides for the individual topics. Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2022. Census Profile. 2021 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released December 15, 2022. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E *********************************************************************************** ** Symbol *********************************************************************************** .. not available for a specific reference period ... not applicable E use with caution F too unreliable to be published r revised x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act rE Revised. Use with caution. *********************************************************************************** ** Geography Notes *********************************************************************************** 2021 Census: Data quality flags and descriptions Digit description First (0XXXX): Incomplete enumeration flag Second (X0XXX): Short-form data quality flag. Third (XX0XX): Short-form income confidentiality suppression flag. Fourth (XXX0X): Long-form data quality flag Fifth (XXXX0): Long-form income confidentiality suppression flag Flag description Incomplete enumeration flag 0 Default. Not applicable. 1 Incompletely enumerated reserve or settlement (suppressed). 2 Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated reserves or settlements. Short-form data quality flag 0 Default. Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate lower than 10%. 1 Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%. 2 Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 20%, but lower than 30%. 3 Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 30%, but lower than 40%. 4 Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 40%, but lower than 50%. 5 Data quality index showing a short-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 50% (use with caution). 9 Short-form data suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Short-form income confidentiality suppression flag 0 Default. Short-form income data not suppressed. 9 Short-form income data suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Long-form data quality flag 0 Default. Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate lower than 10%. 1 Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%. 2 Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 20%, but lower than 30%. 3 Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 30%, but lower than 40%. 4 Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 40%, but lower than 50%. 5 Data quality index showing a long-form total non-response rate higher than or equal to 50% (use with caution). 9 Long-form data suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Long-form income confidentiality suppression flag 0 Default. Long-form income data not suppressed. 9 Long-form income data suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act. Aggregate dissemination area (ADA) An aggregate dissemination area (ADA) is a dissemination geography created for the Census. ADAs cover the entire country and, where possible, have a population between 5,000 and 15,000 based on the previous census population counts. ADAs are created by grouping existing dissemination geographic areas, including census tracts (CTs), census subdivisions (CSDs) or dissemination areas (DAs). ADA boundaries respect provincial, territorial, census division (CD), census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA) boundaries. The intent of the ADA geography is to ensure the availability of census data, where possible, across all regions of Canada. Census metropolitan influenced zones (MIZ) The census metropolitan influenced zone (MIZ) is a concept that geographically differentiates the area of Canada outside census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs). Census subdivisions (CSDs) within provinces that are outside CMAs and CAs are assigned to one of four categories according to the degree of influence (strong, moderate, weak or no influence) that the CMAs or CAs have on them. CSDs within the territories that are outside CAs are assigned to a separate category. A municipality within a province is assigned to a census metropolitan influenced zone (MIZ) category depending on the percentage of its resident employed labour force that commute to work in one or more of the municipalities (census subdivisions) that are part of the delineation core of a CMA or CA. The calculation of the resident employed labour force excludes the category of no fixed workplace address. CSDs with the same degree of influence tend to be clustered. They form zones around CMAs and CAs that progress through the categories from 'strong' to 'no' influence as distance from the CMAs and CAs increases. As many CSDs in the territories are very large and sparsely populated, the commuting flow of the resident employed labour force is unstable. For this reason, CSDs in the territories that are outside CAs are assigned to a separate category that is not based on their commuting flows. Note: The data on place of work are taken from the Census Program. Commuting, i.e., the journey to work, comprises four categories: at home; outside Canada; no fixed workplace address; and usual place of work. The calculation of the resident employed labour force excludes the category of no fixed workplace address. CSDs outside CMAs and CAs are assigned to the following MIZ categories: 1. Strong metropolitan influenced zone: This category includes CSDs in provinces where at least 30% of the CSD's resident employed labour force (excluding the category of no fixed workplace address) commutes to work in any delineation core of a CMA or CA. It excludes CSDs with fewer than 40 persons in their resident employed labour force from the previous census. 2. Moderate metropolitan influenced zone: This category includes CSDs in provinces where at least 5% but less than 30% of the CSD's resident employed labour force (excluding the category of no fixed workplace address) commute to work in any delineation core of a CMA or CA. It excludes CSDs with fewer than 40 persons in their resident employed labour force from the previous census. 3. Weak metropolitan influenced zone: This category includes CSDs in provinces where more than 0% but less than 5% of the CSD's resident employed labour force (excluding the category of no fixed workplace address) commute to work in any delineation core of a CMA or CA. It excludes CSDs with fewer than 40 persons in their resident employed labour force from the previous census. 4. No metropolitan influenced zone: This category includes CSDs in provinces where none of the CSD's resident employed labour force (excluding the category of no fixed workplace address) commute to work in any delineation core of a CMA or CA. It also includes CSDs in provinces with fewer than 40 persons in their resident employed labour force from the previous census. 5. Territories (outside CAs): This category includes CSDs in the territories outside CAs. Land area Land area is the number of square kilometres of land in a given geographic area (e.g., a province, a territory, a city). Land area data are unofficial and are provided for the sole purpose of calculating population density. Statistical Area Classification (SAC) The Statistical Area Classification (SAC) groups census subdivisions (CSDs) according to whether they are a component of a census metropolitan area (CMA), a census agglomeration (CA), or census metropolitan influenced zone (MIZ). The MIZ categorizes all CSDs in the provinces and territories that are outside CMAs and CAs. CSDs within the provinces that are outside CMAs and CAs are assigned to one of four categories according to the degree of influence (strong, moderate, weak or no influence) that the CMAs or CAs have on them. CSDs within the territories that are outside CAs are assigned to a separate category. The SAC is a variant of the Standard Geographical Classification (SGC). CSDs form the lowest level of the classification variant. The next level consists of CMAs, CAs and MIZs, including the territories. The highest level consists of two categories that cover all of the land mass of Canada: - inside CMAs and CAs - outside CMAs and CAs. The SAC provides unique numeric identification (codes) for these hierarchically related geographic areas. It was established for the purpose of reporting statistics. Census agglomeration (CA) See the definition of census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA). Census division (CD) Group of neighbouring municipalities joined together for the purposes of regional planning and managing common services (such as police or ambulance services). These groupings are established under laws in effect in certain provinces of Canada. Census division (CD) is the general term for provincially legislated areas (such as county, municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) and regional district) or their equivalents. In other provinces and the territories where laws do not provide for such areas, Statistics Canada defines equivalent areas for statistical reporting purposes in cooperation with these provinces and territories. Census divisions are intermediate geographic areas between the province/territory level and the municipality (census subdivision). Census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA) A census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, based on data from the current Census of Population Program, of which 50,000 or more must live in the core based on adjusted data from the previous Census of Population Program. A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000 also based on data from the previous Census of Population Program. To be included in the CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuting flows derived from data on place of work from the previous Census Program. If the population of the core of a CA falls below 10,000, the CA is retired from the next census. However, once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained as a CMA even if its total population declines below 100,000 or the population of its core falls below 50,000. All areas inside the CMA or CA that are not population centres are rural areas. When a CA has a core of at least 50,000, based on data from the previous Census of Population, it is subdivided into census tracts. Census tracts are maintained for the CA even if the population of the core subsequently falls below 50,000. All CMAs are subdivided into census tracts. Census subdivision (CSD) Census subdivision (CSD) is the general term for municipalities (as determined by provincial/territorial legislation) or areas treated as municipal equivalents for statistical purposes (e.g., Indian reserves, Indian settlements and unorganized territories). Municipal status is defined by laws in effect in each province and territory in Canada. Census tract (CT) Census tracts (CTs) are small, relatively stable geographic areas that usually have a population of fewer than 7,500 persons, based on data from the previous Census of Population Program. They are located in census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and in census agglomerations (CAs) that had a core population of 50,000 or more in the previous census. A committee of local specialists (for example, municipal planners and others) initially delineates CTs in conjunction with Statistics Canada. Once a CMA or CA has been subdivided into CTs, the CTs are maintained even if the core population subsequently declines below 50,000. Designated place (DPL) Usually a small community that does not meet the criteria used to define municipalities or population centres (areas with a population of at least 1,000 and a density of 400 persons per square kilometre). Designated places are created by provinces and territories, in cooperation with Statistics Canada, to provide data for submunicipal areas. Dissemination area (DA) A dissemination area (DA) is a small, relatively stable geographic unit composed of one or more adjacent dissemination blocks with an average population of 400 to 700 persons based on data from the previous Census of Population Program. It is the smallest standard geographic area for which all census data are disseminated. DAs cover all the territory of Canada. Federal electoral district (FED) A federal electoral district (FED) is an area represented by a member of the House of Commons. The federal electoral district boundaries used for the 2021 Census are based on the 2013 Representation Order. Province or territory 'Province' and 'territory' refer to the major political units of Canada. Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories. From a statistical point of view, province and territory are basic areas for which data are tabulated. Rural area (RA) Rural areas (RAs) include all territory lying outside population centres (POPCTRs). Taken together, population centres and rural areas cover all of Canada. Rural population includes all population living in rural areas of census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs), as well as population living in rural areas outside CMAs and CAs. Postal code [OM] The postal codeOM is a six-character code defined and maintained by Canada Post Corporation for the purpose of sorting and delivering mail. Core, fringe and rural area The terms "core," "fringe" and "rural area" distinguish between population centres (POPCTRs) and rural areas (RAs) within a census metropolitan area (CMA) or census agglomeration (CA). A CMA or CA can have two types of cores: the core and the secondary core. The core is the population centre (POPCTR) with the highest population, around which a CMA or CA is delineated. The boundaries and population counts of the population centres (cores) used to delineate the CMAs or CAs are taken from the previous census. The core must have a population of at least 50,000 in the case of a CMA or at least 10,000 in the case of a CA. The secondary core is a population centre with at least 10,000 persons (based on the previous census) and that is within a CMA or CA but outside the main municipality (census subdivision) that contains the core. The secondary core can also be the core of a CA that has been merged with an adjacent CMA. The term "fringe" is applied to all population centres (POPCTRs) within a CMA or CA that have fewer than 10,000 persons (based on the previous census) and are not contiguous to a core or a secondary core. In some circumstances, POPCTRs that have 10,000 or more persons (based on the previous census) are designated "fringe." These are POPCTRs that exist inside census subdivisions that are already contiguous with a core or a secondary core. All territory within a CMA or CA that is not classified as a core or fringe is classified as a "rural area." Population centre (POPCTR) A population centre (POPCTR) has a population of at least 1,000 and a population density of 400 persons or more per square kilometre, based on population counts from the current Census of Population. All areas outside population centres are classified as rural areas. Taken together, population centres and rural areas cover all of Canada. Population centres are classified into three groups, depending on the size of their population: - small population centres, with a population between 1,000 and 29,999 - medium population centres, with a population between 30,000 and 99,999 - large urban population centres, with a population of 100,000 or more. Population centre population includes all population living in the cores, secondary cores and fringes of census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs), as well as the population living in population centres outside CMAs and CAs. Economic region (ER) An economic region (ER) is a grouping of complete census divisions (CDs), with one exception in Ontario, created as a standard geographic unit for analysis of regional economic activity. *********************************************************************************** ** Note: Gender *********************************************************************************** Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman). Gender includes the following concepts: - gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually; - gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories(e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender. A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time. Some people may not identify with a specific gender. Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "+" symbol. "Men+" includes men and boys, as well as some non-binary persons. "Women+" includes women and girls, as well as some non-binary persons. *********************************************************************************** ** Definitions / Footnotes *********************************************************************************** Characteristic (2631) Member 1 Population, 2021 (1) 2 Population, 2016 (1) 3 Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 4 Total private dwellings (2) 5 Private dwellings occupied by usual residents (3) 6 Population density per square kilometre 7 Land area in square kilometres 8 Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 9 0 to 14 years 10 0 to 4 years 11 5 to 9 years 12 10 to 14 years 13 15 to 64 years 14 15 to 19 years 15 20 to 24 years 16 25 to 29 years 17 30 to 34 years 18 35 to 39 years 19 40 to 44 years 20 45 to 49 years 21 50 to 54 years 22 55 to 59 years 23 60 to 64 years 24 65 years and over 25 65 to 69 years 26 70 to 74 years 27 75 to 79 years 28 80 to 84 years 29 85 years and over 30 85 to 89 years 31 90 to 94 years 32 95 to 99 years 33 100 years and over 34 Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 35 0 to 14 years 36 15 to 64 years 37 65 years and over 38 85 years and over 39 Average age of the population 40 Median age of the population 41 Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 42 Single-detached house 43 Semi-detached house 44 Row house 45 Apartment or flat in a duplex 46 Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 47 Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 48 Other single-attached house 49 Movable dwelling (4) 50 Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 51 1 person 52 2 persons 53 3 persons 54 4 persons 55 5 or more persons 56 Number of persons in private households 57 Average household size 58 Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 59 Married or living common-law 60 Married 61 Living common-law 62 Living common law - Never married 63 Living common law - Separated 64 Living common law - Divorced 65 Living common law - Widowed 66 Not married and not living common-law 67 Not married and not living common law - Never married 68 Not married and not living common law - Separated 69 Not married and not living common law - Divorced 70 Not married and not living common law - Widowed 71 Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data (5) 72 2 persons 73 3 persons 74 4 persons 75 5 or more persons 76 Average size of census families 77 Average number of children in census families with children (6) 78 Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 79 Total couple families 80 Married couples 81 With children (6) 82 Without children 83 Common-law couples 84 With children (6) 85 Without children 86 Total one-parent families 87 in which the parent is a woman+ 88 in which the parent is a man+ 89 Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 90 Total - Persons in census families 91 Married spouses or common-law partners 92 Parents in one-parent families 93 Children (6) 94 In a two-parent family 95 In a one-parent family 96 Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 97 Living alone 98 Living with other relatives (7) 99 Living with non-relatives only 100 Total - Household type - 100% data 101 One-census-family households without additional persons 102 Couple-family households 103 With children (6) 104 Without children 105 One-parent-family households 106 Multigenerational households (8) 107 Multiple-census-family households (9) 108 One-census-family households with additional persons (9) 109 Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 110 One-person households 111 Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data (10) 112 Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 113 Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 114 Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 115 Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 116 Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 117 Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 118 Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 119 Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 120 Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 121 Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 122 Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 123 Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 124 Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 125 Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 126 Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data (11) 127 Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 128 Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 129 Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 130 Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 131 Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 132 Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 133 Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 134 Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 135 Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 136 Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 137 Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 138 Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 139 Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 140 Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 141 Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data (12) 142 Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data (13) 143 Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($) (14) 144 Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($) (15) 145 Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data (16) 146 Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 147 Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 148 Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data (17) 149 Market income (%) (18) 150 Employment income (%) (19) 151 Government transfers (%) (20) 152 Employment insurance benefits (%) 153 COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 154 COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 155 Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data (21) 156 Without total income 157 With total income 158 Under $10,000 (including loss) 159 $10,000 to $19,999 160 $20,000 to $29,999 161 $30,000 to $39,999 162 $40,000 to $49,999 163 $50,000 to $59,999 164 $60,000 to $69,999 165 $70,000 to $79,999 166 $80,000 to $89,999 167 $90,000 to $99,999 168 $100,000 and over 169 $100,000 to $149,999 170 $150,000 and over 171 Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data (22) 172 Without after-tax income 173 With after-tax income 174 Under $10,000 (including loss) 175 $10,000 to $19,999 176 $20,000 to $29,999 177 $30,000 to $39,999 178 $40,000 to $49,999 179 $50,000 to $59,999 180 $60,000 to $69,999 181 $70,000 to $79,999 182 $80,000 to $89,999 183 $90,000 to $99,999 184 $100,000 and over 185 $100,000 to $124,999 186 $125,000 and over 187 Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data (19) 188 Without employment income 189 With employment income 190 Under $5,000 (including loss) 191 $5,000 to $9,999 192 $10,000 to $19,999 193 $20,000 to $29,999 194 $30,000 to $39,999 195 $40,000 to $49,999 196 $50,000 to $59,999 197 $60,000 to $69,999 198 $70,000 to $79,999 199 $80,000 to $89,999 200 $90,000 to $99,999 201 $100,000 and over 202 $100,000 to $124,999 203 $125,000 and over 204 Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data (23) 205 Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 206 Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 207 Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 208 Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 209 Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 210 Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 211 Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 212 Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 213 Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 214 Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 215 Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 216 Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 217 Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data (24) 218 Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 219 Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 220 Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 221 Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 222 Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 223 Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 224 Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 225 Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 226 Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 227 Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 228 Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 229 Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 230 Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data (25) 231 Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data (13) 232 Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($) (14) 233 Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($) (15) 234 Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data (16) 235 Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 236 Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 237 Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 238 Market income (%) 239 Employment income (%) 240 Government transfers (%) 241 Employment insurance benefits (%) 242 Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data (26) 243 Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 244 Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 245 Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 246 Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 247 Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 248 Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 249 Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 250 Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 251 Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data (27) 252 Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 253 Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 254 Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 255 Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 256 Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 257 Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 258 Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 259 Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 260 Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data (21) 261 Under $5,000 262 $5,000 to $9,999 263 $10,000 to $14,999 264 $15,000 to $19,999 265 $20,000 to $24,999 266 $25,000 to $29,999 267 $30,000 to $34,999 268 $35,000 to $39,999 269 $40,000 to $44,999 270 $45,000 to $49,999 271 $50,000 to $59,999 272 $60,000 to $69,999 273 $70,000 to $79,999 274 $80,000 to $89,999 275 $90,000 to $99,999 276 $100,000 and over 277 $100,000 to $124,999 278 $125,000 to $149,999 279 $150,000 to $199,999 280 $200,000 and over 281 Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data (22) 282 Under $5,000 283 $5,000 to $9,999 284 $10,000 to $14,999 285 $15,000 to $19,999 286 $20,000 to $24,999 287 $25,000 to $29,999 288 $30,000 to $34,999 289 $35,000 to $39,999 290 $40,000 to $44,999 291 $45,000 to $49,999 292 $50,000 to $59,999 293 $60,000 to $69,999 294 $70,000 to $79,999 295 $80,000 to $89,999 296 $90,000 to $99,999 297 $100,000 and over 298 $100,000 to $124,999 299 $125,000 to $149,999 300 $150,000 and over 301 Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data (28) 302 Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 303 Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 304 Average family size of economic families 305 Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 306 Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 307 Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 308 Average family size of couple-only economic families 309 Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 310 Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 311 Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 312 Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 313 Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 314 Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 315 Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 316 Average family size of one-parent economic families 317 Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data (29) 318 Median total income in 2020 ($) (30) 319 Median after-tax income in 2020 ($) (30) 320 Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data (31) 321 Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 322 Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 323 Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 324 Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 325 Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 326 Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 327 Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 328 Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 329 Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 330 Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 331 Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 332 Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data (32) 333 Average total income in 2020 ($) (30) 334 Average after-tax income in 2020 ($) (30) 335 Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data (33) 336 0 to 17 years 337 0 to 5 years 338 18 to 64 years 339 65 years and over 340 In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 341 0 to 17 years 342 0 to 5 years 343 18 to 64 years 344 65 years and over 345 Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 346 0 to 17 years (%) 347 0 to 5 years (%) 348 18 to 64 years (%) 349 65 years and over (%) 350 Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data (33) 351 0 to 17 years 352 0 to 5 years 353 18 to 64 years 354 65 years and over 355 In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 356 0 to 17 years 357 0 to 5 years 358 18 to 64 years 359 65 years and over 360 Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 361 0 to 17 years (%) 362 0 to 5 years (%) 363 18 to 64 years (%) 364 65 years and over (%) 365 Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data (34) 366 In bottom half of the distribution 367 In bottom decile 368 In second decile 369 In third decile 370 In fourth decile 371 In fifth decile 372 In top half of the distribution 373 In sixth decile 374 In seventh decile 375 In eighth decile 376 In ninth decile 377 In top decile 378 Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data (35) 379 Gini index on adjusted household total income 380 Gini index on adjusted household market income 381 Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 382 P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 383 Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data (36) 384 English only 385 French only 386 English and French 387 Neither English nor French 388 Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data (37) 389 English 390 French 391 English and French 392 Neither English nor French 393 Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data (38) 394 Single responses 395 Official languages 396 English 397 French 398 Non-official languages 399 Indigenous languages (39) 400 Algonquian languages 401 Blackfoot 402 Cree-Innu languages 403 Atikamekw 404 Cree languages 405 Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 406 Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 407 Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 408 Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 409 Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 410 Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 411 Cree, n.o.s. 412 Innu (Montagnais) 413 Naskapi 414 Eastern Algonquian languages 415 Mi'kmaq 416 Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 417 Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 418 Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 419 Oji-Cree 420 Ojibway languages 421 Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 422 Daawaamwin (Odawa) 423 Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 424 Ojibway, n.o.s. 425 Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 426 Athabaskan languages 427 Northern Athabaskan languages 428 Dakelh (Carrier) 429 Dane-zaa (Beaver) 430 Dene, n.o.s. 431 Gwich'in 432 Slavey-Hare languages 433 Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 434 Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 435 Slavey, n.o.s. 436 Tahltan languages 437 Kaska (Nahani) 438 Tahltan 439 Tlicho (Dogrib) 440 Tse'khene (Sekani) 441 Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 442 Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 443 Tutchone languages 444 Northern Tutchone 445 Southern Tutchone 446 Tutchone, n.o.s. 447 Wetsuwet'en-Babine 448 Tlingit 449 Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 450 Haida 451 Inuktut (Inuit) languages 452 Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 453 Inuinnaqtun 454 Inuvialuktun 455 Inuktitut 456 Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 457 Iroquoian languages 458 Cayuga 459 Mohawk 460 Oneida 461 Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 462 Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 463 Michif 464 Salish languages 465 Halkomelem 466 Lillooet 467 Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 468 Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 469 Squamish 470 Straits 471 Syilx (Okanagan) 472 Salish languages, n.i.e. 473 Siouan languages 474 Assiniboine 475 Dakota 476 Stoney 477 Siouan languages, n.i.e. 478 Tsimshian languages 479 Gitxsan (Gitksan) 480 Nisga'a 481 Tsimshian 482 Wakashan languages 483 Haisla 484 Heiltsuk 485 Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 486 Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 487 Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 488 Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 489 Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 490 Non-Indigenous languages 491 Afro-Asiatic languages 492 Berber languages 493 Kabyle 494 Tamazight 495 Berber languages, n.i.e. 496 Chadic languages 497 Hausa 498 Mina 499 Coptic 500 Cushitic languages 501 Bilen 502 Oromo 503 Somali 504 Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 505 Semitic languages 506 Amharic 507 Arabic 508 Aramaic languages 509 Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 510 Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 511 Aramaic, n.o.s. 512 Harari 513 Hebrew 514 Maltese 515 Tigrigna 516 Semitic languages, n.i.e. 517 Austro-Asiatic languages 518 Khmer (Cambodian) 519 Vietnamese 520 Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 521 Austronesian languages 522 Bikol 523 Bisaya, n.o.s. 524 Cebuano 525 Fijian 526 Hiligaynon 527 Ilocano 528 Indonesian 529 Kankanaey 530 Kinaray-a 531 Malagasy languages 532 Merina 533 Malagasy, n.o.s. 534 Malay 535 Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 536 Pangasinan 537 Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 538 Waray-Waray 539 Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 540 Creole languages 541 Haitian Creole 542 Jamaican English Creole 543 Krio 544 Morisyen 545 Sango 546 Creole, n.o.s. 547 Creole languages, n.i.e. 548 Dravidian languages 549 Kannada 550 Malayalam 551 Tamil 552 Telugu 553 Tulu 554 Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 555 Georgian 556 Hmong-Mien languages 557 Indo-European languages 558 Albanian 559 Armenian 560 Balto-Slavic languages 561 Baltic languages 562 Latvian 563 Lithuanian 564 Slavic languages 565 Belarusian 566 Bulgarian 567 Czech 568 Macedonian 569 Polish 570 Russian 571 Rusyn 572 Serbo-Croatian 573 Bosnian 574 Croatian 575 Serbian 576 Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 577 Slovak 578 Slovene (Slovenian) 579 Ukrainian 580 Slavic languages, n.i.e. 581 Celtic languages 582 Irish 583 Scottish Gaelic 584 Welsh 585 Celtic languages, n.i.e. 586 Germanic languages 587 Frisian 588 High German languages 589 German 590 Pennsylvania German 591 Swiss German 592 Yiddish 593 Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 594 Afrikaans 595 Dutch 596 Low German, n.o.s. 597 Low Saxon 598 Plautdietsch 599 Vlaams (Flemish) 600 Scandinavian languages 601 Danish 602 Icelandic 603 Norwegian 604 Swedish 605 Germanic languages, n.i.e. 606 Greek 607 Indo-Iranian languages 608 Indo-Aryan languages 609 Assamese 610 Bengali 611 Gujarati 612 Hindi 613 Kacchi 614 Kashmiri 615 Konkani 616 Marathi 617 Nepali 618 Oriya languages 619 Odia 620 Oriya, n.o.s. 621 Punjabi (Panjabi) 622 Rohingya 623 Sindhi 624 Sinhala (Sinhalese) 625 Urdu 626 Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 627 Iranian languages 628 Baluchi 629 Kurdish 630 Parsi 631 Pashto 632 Persian languages 633 Dari 634 Iranian Persian 635 Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 636 Iranian languages, n.i.e. 637 Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 638 Italic (Romance) languages 639 Catalan 640 Italian 641 Portuguese 642 Romanian 643 Spanish 644 Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 645 Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 646 Japanese 647 Korean 648 Mongolian 649 Niger-Congo languages 650 Akan (Twi) 651 Bamanankan 652 Edo 653 Éwé 654 Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 655 Ga 656 Ganda 657 Gikuyu 658 Igbo 659 Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 660 Lingala 661 Luba-Kasai 662 Mòoré 663 Mwani 664 Ndebele 665 Rundi (Kirundi) 666 Shona 667 Soninke 668 Sotho-Tswana languages 669 Swahili 670 Wojenaka 671 Wolof 672 Yoruba 673 Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 674 Nilo-Saharan languages 675 Dinka 676 Nuer 677 Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 678 African, n.o.s. 679 Sign languages 680 American Sign Language 681 Quebec Sign Language 682 Sign languages, n.i.e. 683 Sino-Tibetan languages 684 Chinese languages 685 Hakka 686 Mandarin 687 Min Dong 688 Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 689 Wu (Shanghainese) 690 Yue (Cantonese) 691 Chinese, n.o.s. 692 Chinese languages, n.i.e. 693 Tibeto-Burman languages 694 Burmese 695 Kuki-Chin languages 696 Karenic languages 697 S'gaw Karen 698 Karenic languages, n.i.e. 699 Tibetan 700 Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 701 Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 702 Tai-Kadai languages 703 Lao 704 Thai 705 Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 706 Turkic languages 707 Azerbaijani 708 Kazakh 709 Turkish 710 Uyghur 711 Uzbek 712 Turkic languages, n.i.e. 713 Uralic languages 714 Estonian 715 Finnish 716 Hungarian 717 Other languages, n.i.e. 718 Multiple responses 719 English and French 720 English and non-official language(s) 721 French and non-official language(s) 722 English, French and non-official language(s) 723 Multiple non-official languages 724 Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data (40) 725 English 726 French 727 Non-official language 728 Indigenous (39) 729 Non-Indigenous 730 English and French 731 English and non-official language(s) 732 French and non-official language(s) 733 English, French and non-official language(s) 734 Multiple non-official languages 735 Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data (41) 736 Single responses 737 Official languages 738 English 739 French 740 Non-official languages 741 Indigenous languages (39) 742 Algonquian languages 743 Blackfoot 744 Cree-Innu languages 745 Atikamekw 746 Cree languages 747 Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 748 Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 749 Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 750 Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 751 Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 752 Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 753 Cree, n.o.s. 754 Innu (Montagnais) 755 Naskapi 756 Eastern Algonquian languages 757 Mi'kmaq 758 Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 759 Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 760 Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 761 Oji-Cree 762 Ojibway languages 763 Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 764 Daawaamwin (Odawa) 765 Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 766 Ojibway, n.o.s. 767 Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 768 Athabaskan languages 769 Northern Athabaskan languages 770 Dakelh (Carrier) 771 Dane-zaa (Beaver) 772 Dene, n.o.s. 773 Gwich'in 774 Slavey-Hare languages 775 Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 776 Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 777 Slavey, n.o.s. 778 Tahltan languages 779 Kaska (Nahani) 780 Tahltan 781 Tlicho (Dogrib) 782 Tse'khene (Sekani) 783 Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 784 Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 785 Tutchone languages 786 Northern Tutchone 787 Southern Tutchone 788 Tutchone, n.o.s. 789 Wetsuwet'en-Babine 790 Tlingit 791 Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 792 Haida 793 Inuktut (Inuit) languages 794 Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 795 Inuinnaqtun 796 Inuvialuktun 797 Inuktitut 798 Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 799 Iroquoian languages 800 Cayuga 801 Mohawk 802 Oneida 803 Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 804 Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 805 Michif 806 Salish languages 807 Halkomelem 808 Lillooet 809 Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 810 Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 811 Squamish 812 Straits 813 Syilx (Okanagan) 814 Salish languages, n.i.e. 815 Siouan languages 816 Assiniboine 817 Dakota 818 Stoney 819 Siouan languages, n.i.e. 820 Tsimshian languages 821 Gitxsan (Gitksan) 822 Nisga'a 823 Tsimshian 824 Wakashan languages 825 Haisla 826 Heiltsuk 827 Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 828 Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 829 Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 830 Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 831 Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 832 Non-Indigenous languages 833 Afro-Asiatic languages 834 Berber languages 835 Kabyle 836 Tamazight 837 Berber languages, n.i.e. 838 Chadic languages 839 Hausa 840 Mina 841 Coptic 842 Cushitic languages 843 Bilen 844 Oromo 845 Somali 846 Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 847 Semitic languages 848 Amharic 849 Arabic 850 Aramaic languages 851 Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 852 Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 853 Aramaic, n.o.s. 854 Harari 855 Hebrew 856 Maltese 857 Tigrigna 858 Semitic languages, n.i.e. 859 Austro-Asiatic languages 860 Khmer (Cambodian) 861 Vietnamese 862 Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 863 Austronesian languages 864 Bikol 865 Bisaya, n.o.s. 866 Cebuano 867 Fijian 868 Hiligaynon 869 Ilocano 870 Indonesian 871 Kankanaey 872 Kinaray-a 873 Malagasy languages 874 Merina 875 Malagasy, n.o.s. 876 Malay 877 Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 878 Pangasinan 879 Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 880 Waray-Waray 881 Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 882 Creole languages 883 Haitian Creole 884 Jamaican English Creole 885 Krio 886 Morisyen 887 Sango 888 Creole, n.o.s. 889 Creole languages, n.i.e. 890 Dravidian languages 891 Kannada 892 Malayalam 893 Tamil 894 Telugu 895 Tulu 896 Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 897 Georgian 898 Hmong-Mien languages 899 Indo-European languages 900 Albanian 901 Armenian 902 Balto-Slavic languages 903 Baltic languages 904 Latvian 905 Lithuanian 906 Slavic languages 907 Belarusian 908 Bulgarian 909 Czech 910 Macedonian 911 Polish 912 Russian 913 Rusyn 914 Serbo-Croatian 915 Bosnian 916 Croatian 917 Serbian 918 Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 919 Slovak 920 Slovene (Slovenian) 921 Ukrainian 922 Slavic languages, n.i.e. 923 Celtic languages 924 Irish 925 Scottish Gaelic 926 Welsh 927 Celtic languages, n.i.e. 928 Germanic languages 929 Frisian 930 High German languages 931 German 932 Pennsylvania German 933 Swiss German 934 Yiddish 935 Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 936 Afrikaans 937 Dutch 938 Low German, n.o.s. 939 Low Saxon 940 Plautdietsch 941 Vlaams (Flemish) 942 Scandinavian languages 943 Danish 944 Icelandic 945 Norwegian 946 Swedish 947 Germanic languages, n.i.e. 948 Greek 949 Indo-Iranian languages 950 Indo-Aryan languages 951 Assamese 952 Bengali 953 Gujarati 954 Hindi 955 Kacchi 956 Kashmiri 957 Konkani 958 Marathi 959 Nepali 960 Oriya languages 961 Odia 962 Oriya, n.o.s. 963 Punjabi (Panjabi) 964 Rohingya 965 Sindhi 966 Sinhala (Sinhalese) 967 Urdu 968 Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 969 Iranian languages 970 Baluchi 971 Kurdish 972 Parsi 973 Pashto 974 Persian languages 975 Dari 976 Iranian Persian 977 Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 978 Iranian languages, n.i.e. 979 Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 980 Italic (Romance) languages 981 Catalan 982 Italian 983 Portuguese 984 Romanian 985 Spanish 986 Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 987 Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 988 Japanese 989 Korean 990 Mongolian 991 Niger-Congo languages 992 Akan (Twi) 993 Bamanankan 994 Edo 995 Éwé 996 Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 997 Ga 998 Ganda 999 Gikuyu 1000 Igbo 1001 Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1002 Lingala 1003 Luba-Kasai 1004 Mòoré 1005 Mwani 1006 Ndebele 1007 Rundi (Kirundi) 1008 Shona 1009 Soninke 1010 Sotho-Tswana languages 1011 Swahili 1012 Wojenaka 1013 Wolof 1014 Yoruba 1015 Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 1016 Nilo-Saharan languages 1017 Dinka 1018 Nuer 1019 Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 1020 African, n.o.s. 1021 Sign languages 1022 American Sign Language 1023 Quebec Sign Language 1024 Sign languages, n.i.e. 1025 Sino-Tibetan languages 1026 Chinese languages 1027 Hakka 1028 Mandarin 1029 Min Dong 1030 Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1031 Wu (Shanghainese) 1032 Yue (Cantonese) 1033 Chinese, n.o.s. 1034 Chinese languages, n.i.e. 1035 Tibeto-Burman languages 1036 Burmese 1037 Kuki-Chin languages 1038 Karenic languages 1039 S'gaw Karen 1040 Karenic languages, n.i.e. 1041 Tibetan 1042 Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 1043 Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 1044 Tai-Kadai languages 1045 Lao 1046 Thai 1047 Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 1048 Turkic languages 1049 Azerbaijani 1050 Kazakh 1051 Turkish 1052 Uyghur 1053 Uzbek 1054 Turkic languages, n.i.e. 1055 Uralic languages 1056 Estonian 1057 Finnish 1058 Hungarian 1059 Other languages, n.i.e. 1060 Multiple responses 1061 English and French 1062 English and non-official language(s) 1063 French and non-official language(s) 1064 English, French and non-official language(s) 1065 Multiple non-official languages 1066 Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data (42) 1067 None 1068 English 1069 French 1070 Non-official language 1071 Indigenous (39) 1072 Non-Indigenous 1073 English and French 1074 English and non-official language(s) 1075 French and non-official language(s) 1076 English, French and non-official language(s) 1077 Multiple non-official languages 1078 Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data (43) 1079 Official languages 1080 English 1081 French 1082 Non-official languages 1083 Indigenous languages (39) 1084 Algonquian languages 1085 Blackfoot 1086 Cree-Innu languages 1087 Atikamekw 1088 Cree languages 1089 Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 1090 Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 1091 Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 1092 Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 1093 Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 1094 Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 1095 Cree, n.o.s. 1096 Innu (Montagnais) 1097 Naskapi 1098 Eastern Algonquian languages 1099 Mi'kmaq 1100 Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 1101 Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 1102 Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 1103 Oji-Cree 1104 Ojibway languages 1105 Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 1106 Daawaamwin (Odawa) 1107 Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 1108 Ojibway, n.o.s. 1109 Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 1110 Athabaskan languages 1111 Northern Athabaskan languages 1112 Dakelh (Carrier) 1113 Dane-zaa (Beaver) 1114 Dene, n.o.s. 1115 Gwich'in 1116 Slavey-Hare languages 1117 Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 1118 Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 1119 Slavey, n.o.s. 1120 Tahltan languages 1121 Kaska (Nahani) 1122 Tahltan 1123 Tlicho (Dogrib) 1124 Tse'khene (Sekani) 1125 Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 1126 Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 1127 Tutchone languages 1128 Northern Tutchone 1129 Southern Tutchone 1130 Tutchone, n.o.s. 1131 Wetsuwet'en-Babine 1132 Tlingit 1133 Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 1134 Haida 1135 Inuktut (Inuit) languages 1136 Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 1137 Inuinnaqtun 1138 Inuvialuktun 1139 Inuktitut 1140 Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 1141 Iroquoian languages 1142 Cayuga 1143 Mohawk 1144 Oneida 1145 Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 1146 Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 1147 Michif 1148 Salish languages 1149 Halkomelem 1150 Lillooet 1151 Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 1152 Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 1153 Squamish 1154 Straits 1155 Syilx (Okanagan) 1156 Salish languages, n.i.e. 1157 Siouan languages 1158 Assiniboine 1159 Dakota 1160 Stoney 1161 Siouan languages, n.i.e. 1162 Tsimshian languages 1163 Gitxsan (Gitksan) 1164 Nisga'a 1165 Tsimshian 1166 Wakashan languages 1167 Haisla 1168 Heiltsuk 1169 Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 1170 Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 1171 Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 1172 Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 1173 Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 1174 Non-Indigenous languages 1175 Afro-Asiatic languages 1176 Berber languages 1177 Kabyle 1178 Tamazight 1179 Berber languages, n.i.e. 1180 Chadic languages 1181 Hausa 1182 Mina 1183 Coptic 1184 Cushitic languages 1185 Bilen 1186 Oromo 1187 Somali 1188 Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 1189 Semitic languages 1190 Amharic 1191 Arabic 1192 Aramaic languages 1193 Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 1194 Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 1195 Aramaic, n.o.s. 1196 Harari 1197 Hebrew 1198 Maltese 1199 Tigrigna 1200 Semitic languages, n.i.e. 1201 Austro-Asiatic languages 1202 Khmer (Cambodian) 1203 Vietnamese 1204 Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 1205 Austronesian languages 1206 Bikol 1207 Bisaya, n.o.s. 1208 Cebuano 1209 Fijian 1210 Hiligaynon 1211 Ilocano 1212 Indonesian 1213 Kankanaey 1214 Kinaray-a 1215 Malagasy languages 1216 Merina 1217 Malagasy, n.o.s. 1218 Malay 1219 Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 1220 Pangasinan 1221 Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 1222 Waray-Waray 1223 Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 1224 Creole languages 1225 Haitian Creole 1226 Jamaican English Creole 1227 Krio 1228 Morisyen 1229 Sango 1230 Creole, n.o.s. 1231 Creole languages, n.i.e. 1232 Dravidian languages 1233 Kannada 1234 Malayalam 1235 Tamil 1236 Telugu 1237 Tulu 1238 Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 1239 Georgian 1240 Hmong-Mien languages 1241 Indo-European languages 1242 Albanian 1243 Armenian 1244 Balto-Slavic languages 1245 Baltic languages 1246 Latvian 1247 Lithuanian 1248 Slavic languages 1249 Belarusian 1250 Bulgarian 1251 Czech 1252 Macedonian 1253 Polish 1254 Russian 1255 Rusyn 1256 Serbo-Croatian 1257 Bosnian 1258 Croatian 1259 Serbian 1260 Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 1261 Slovak 1262 Slovene (Slovenian) 1263 Ukrainian 1264 Slavic languages, n.i.e. 1265 Celtic languages 1266 Irish 1267 Scottish Gaelic 1268 Welsh 1269 Celtic languages, n.i.e. 1270 Germanic languages 1271 Frisian 1272 High German languages 1273 German 1274 Pennsylvania German 1275 Swiss German 1276 Yiddish 1277 Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 1278 Afrikaans 1279 Dutch 1280 Low German, n.o.s. 1281 Low Saxon 1282 Plautdietsch 1283 Vlaams (Flemish) 1284 Scandinavian languages 1285 Danish 1286 Icelandic 1287 Norwegian 1288 Swedish 1289 Germanic languages, n.i.e. 1290 Greek 1291 Indo-Iranian languages 1292 Indo-Aryan languages 1293 Assamese 1294 Bengali 1295 Gujarati 1296 Hindi 1297 Kacchi 1298 Kashmiri 1299 Konkani 1300 Marathi 1301 Nepali 1302 Oriya languages 1303 Odia 1304 Oriya, n.o.s. 1305 Punjabi (Panjabi) 1306 Rohingya 1307 Sindhi 1308 Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1309 Urdu 1310 Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 1311 Iranian languages 1312 Baluchi 1313 Kurdish 1314 Parsi 1315 Pashto 1316 Persian languages 1317 Dari 1318 Iranian Persian 1319 Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1320 Iranian languages, n.i.e. 1321 Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 1322 Italic (Romance) languages 1323 Catalan 1324 Italian 1325 Portuguese 1326 Romanian 1327 Spanish 1328 Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 1329 Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 1330 Japanese 1331 Korean 1332 Mongolian 1333 Niger-Congo languages 1334 Akan (Twi) 1335 Bamanankan 1336 Edo 1337 Éwé 1338 Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 1339 Ga 1340 Ganda 1341 Gikuyu 1342 Igbo 1343 Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1344 Lingala 1345 Luba-Kasai 1346 Mòoré 1347 Mwani 1348 Ndebele 1349 Rundi (Kirundi) 1350 Shona 1351 Soninke 1352 Sotho-Tswana languages 1353 Swahili 1354 Wojenaka 1355 Wolof 1356 Yoruba 1357 Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 1358 Nilo-Saharan languages 1359 Dinka 1360 Nuer 1361 Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 1362 African, n.o.s. 1363 Sign languages 1364 American Sign Language 1365 Quebec Sign Language 1366 Sign languages, n.i.e. 1367 Sino-Tibetan languages 1368 Chinese languages 1369 Hakka 1370 Mandarin 1371 Min Dong 1372 Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1373 Wu (Shanghainese) 1374 Yue (Cantonese) 1375 Chinese, n.o.s. 1376 Chinese languages, n.i.e. 1377 Tibeto-Burman languages 1378 Burmese 1379 Kuki-Chin languages 1380 Karenic languages 1381 S'gaw Karen 1382 Karenic languages, n.i.e. 1383 Tibetan 1384 Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 1385 Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 1386 Tai-Kadai languages 1387 Lao 1388 Thai 1389 Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 1390 Turkic languages 1391 Azerbaijani 1392 Kazakh 1393 Turkish 1394 Uyghur 1395 Uzbek 1396 Turkic languages, n.i.e. 1397 Uralic languages 1398 Estonian 1399 Finnish 1400 Hungarian 1401 Other languages, n.i.e. 1402 Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data (44) 1403 Indigenous identity (45) 1404 Single Indigenous responses (46) 1405 First Nations (North American Indian) 1406 Métis 1407 Inuk (Inuit) 1408 Multiple Indigenous responses (47) 1409 Indigenous responses not included elsewhere (48) 1410 Non-Indigenous identity 1411 Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data (44) 1412 Registered or Treaty Indian (49) 1413 Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1414 Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data (50) 1415 Owner 1416 Renter 1417 Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 1418 Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data (51) 1419 Condominium 1420 Not condominium 1421 Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data (52) 1422 No bedrooms 1423 1 bedroom 1424 2 bedrooms 1425 3 bedrooms 1426 4 or more bedrooms 1427 Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data (53) 1428 1 to 4 rooms 1429 5 rooms 1430 6 rooms 1431 7 rooms 1432 8 or more rooms 1433 Average number of rooms per dwelling 1434 Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data (54) 1435 One person or fewer per room 1436 More than one person per room 1437 Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data (55) 1438 Suitable 1439 Not suitable 1440 Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data (56) 1441 1960 or before 1442 1961 to 1980 1443 1981 to 1990 1444 1991 to 2000 1445 2001 to 2005 1446 2006 to 2010 1447 2011 to 2015 1448 2016 to 2021 (57) 1449 Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data (58) 1450 Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 1451 Major repairs needed 1452 Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data (59) 1453 One-maintainer household 1454 Two-maintainer household 1455 Three-or-more-maintainer household 1456 Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data (60) 1457 15 to 24 years 1458 25 to 34 years 1459 35 to 44 years 1460 45 to 54 years 1461 55 to 64 years 1462 65 to 74 years 1463 75 to 84 years 1464 85 years and over 1465 Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data (61) 1466 Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 1467 Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 1468 30% to less than 100% 1469 Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data (62) 1470 Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 1471 Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 1472 Not suitable only 1473 Major repairs needed only 1474 'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 1475 'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 1476 'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 1477 'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 1478 Acceptable housing 1479 Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data (63) 1480 In core need 1481 Not in core need 1482 Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 1483 % of owner households with a mortgage (64) 1484 % of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs (61) 1485 % in core housing need (63) 1486 Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($) (65) 1487 Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($) (65) 1488 Median value of dwellings ($) (66) 1489 Average value of dwellings ($) (66) 1490 Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 1491 % of tenant households in subsidized housing (67) 1492 % of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs (61) 1493 % in core housing need (63) 1494 Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($) (65) 1495 Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($) (65) 1496 Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 1497 % of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs (61) 1498 Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($) (65) 1499 Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($) (65) 1500 Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data (68) 1501 Indigenous ancestry (only) (69) 1502 Single Indigenous ancestry (only) (70) 1503 First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 1504 Métis single ancestry 1505 Inuit single ancestry 1506 Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only) (71) 1507 First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 1508 First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 1509 Métis and Inuit ancestry only 1510 First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 1511 Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries (72) 1512 Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries (73) 1513 First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1514 Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1515 Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1516 Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries (74) 1517 First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1518 First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1519 Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1520 First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 1521 Non-Indigenous ancestry only (75) 1522 Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data (76) 1523 Canadian citizens (77) 1524 Canadian citizens aged under 18 1525 Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 1526 Not Canadian citizens (78) 1527 Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data (79) 1528 Non-immigrants (80) 1529 Immigrants (81) 1530 Before 1980 1531 1980 to 1990 1532 1991 to 2000 1533 2001 to 2010 1534 2011 to 2021 (82) 1535 2011 to 2015 1536 2016 to 2021 1537 Non-permanent residents (83) 1538 Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data (84) 1539 Under 5 years 1540 5 to 14 years 1541 15 to 24 years 1542 25 to 44 years 1543 45 years and over 1544 Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data (85) 1545 Americas 1546 Brazil 1547 Colombia 1548 El Salvador 1549 Guyana 1550 Haiti 1551 Jamaica 1552 Mexico 1553 Peru 1554 Trinidad and Tobago 1555 United States of America 1556 Other places of birth in Americas 1557 Europe 1558 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1559 Croatia 1560 France 1561 Germany 1562 Greece 1563 Hungary 1564 Italy 1565 Netherlands 1566 Poland 1567 Portugal 1568 Romania 1569 Russian Federation 1570 Serbia (86) 1571 Ukraine 1572 United Kingdom (87) 1573 Other places of birth in Europe 1574 Africa 1575 Algeria 1576 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1577 Egypt 1578 Eritrea 1579 Ethiopia 1580 Morocco 1581 Nigeria 1582 Somalia 1583 South Africa, Republic of 1584 Other places of birth in Africa 1585 Asia 1586 Afghanistan 1587 Iran (88) 1588 Iraq 1589 Lebanon 1590 Syria (89) 1591 Turkey 1592 China (90) 1593 Hong Kong (91) 1594 Korea, South (92) 1595 Taiwan 1596 Philippines 1597 Viet Nam 1598 Bangladesh 1599 India 1600 Pakistan 1601 Sri Lanka 1602 Other places of birth in Asia 1603 Oceania and other places of birth (93) 1604 Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data (94) 1605 Americas 1606 Brazil 1607 Colombia 1608 Haiti 1609 Jamaica 1610 Mexico 1611 United States of America 1612 Venezuela (95) 1613 Other places of birth in Americas 1614 Europe 1615 France 1616 Germany 1617 Ireland (96) 1618 Italy 1619 Russian Federation 1620 Ukraine 1621 United Kingdom (87) 1622 Other places of birth in Europe 1623 Africa 1624 Algeria 1625 Burundi 1626 Cameroon 1627 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1628 Côte d'Ivoire 1629 Egypt 1630 Eritrea 1631 Ethiopia 1632 Morocco 1633 Nigeria 1634 Somalia 1635 South Africa, Republic of 1636 Sudan (97) 1637 Tunisia 1638 Other places of birth in Africa 1639 Asia 1640 Afghanistan 1641 Bangladesh 1642 China (90) 1643 Hong Kong (91) 1644 India 1645 Iran (88) 1646 Iraq 1647 Israel 1648 Japan 1649 Jordan 1650 Korea, South (92) 1651 Lebanon 1652 Nepal 1653 Pakistan 1654 Philippines 1655 Saudi Arabia 1656 Sri Lanka 1657 Syria (89) 1658 Turkey 1659 United Arab Emirates 1660 Viet Nam 1661 Other places of birth in Asia 1662 Oceania and other (93) 1663 Australia 1664 Other places of birth (98) 1665 Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data (99) 1666 First generation (100) 1667 Second generation (101) 1668 Third generation or more (102) 1669 Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data (103) 1670 Economic immigrants (104) 1671 Principal applicants (105) 1672 Secondary applicants (106) 1673 Immigrants sponsored by family (107) 1674 Refugees (108) 1675 Other immigrants (109) 1676 Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data (110) 1677 Asylum claim before admission (111) 1678 Work permits only before admission (112) 1679 Study permits only before admission (113) 1680 Work and study permits before admission (114) 1681 Other permits before admission (115) 1682 No pre-admission experience (116) 1683 Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data (117) 1684 Total visible minority population (118) 1685 South Asian 1686 Chinese 1687 Black 1688 Filipino 1689 Arab 1690 Latin American 1691 Southeast Asian 1692 West Asian 1693 Korean 1694 Japanese 1695 Visible minority, n.i.e. (119) 1696 Multiple visible minorities 1697 Not a visible minority (120) 1698 Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data (121) 1699 Canadian 1700 English 1701 Irish 1702 Scottish 1703 French, n.o.s. (122) 1704 German 1705 Chinese 1706 Italian 1707 Indian (India) 1708 Ukrainian 1709 Dutch 1710 Polish 1711 Québécois 1712 British Isles, n.o.s. (123) 1713 Filipino 1714 French Canadian 1715 Caucasian (White), n.o.s. (124) 1716 First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s. (125) 1717 Métis 1718 European, n.o.s. (126) 1719 Russian 1720 Norwegian 1721 Welsh 1722 Portuguese 1723 American 1724 Spanish 1725 Swedish 1726 Hungarian 1727 Acadian 1728 Pakistani 1729 African, n.o.s. (127) 1730 Jewish 1731 Punjabi 1732 Vietnamese 1733 Arab, n.o.s. (128) 1734 Greek 1735 Jamaican 1736 Asian, n.o.s. (129) 1737 Cree, n.o.s. (130) 1738 Korean 1739 Romanian 1740 Lebanese 1741 Iranian 1742 Christian, n.i.e. (131) 1743 Danish 1744 North American Indigenous, n.o.s. (132) 1745 Sikh 1746 Austrian 1747 Belgian 1748 Haitian 1749 Hindu 1750 Mexican 1751 Mennonite 1752 Swiss 1753 Finnish 1754 Sri Lankan 1755 Croatian 1756 Japanese 1757 South Asian, n.o.s. (133) 1758 Mi'kmaq, n.o.s. (134) 1759 Northern European, n.o.s. (135) 1760 Muslim 1761 Egyptian 1762 Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s. (136) 1763 Tamil 1764 Icelandic 1765 Colombian 1766 Moroccan 1767 Czech 1768 Syrian 1769 Guyanese 1770 Afghan 1771 Black, n.o.s. (137) 1772 Serbian 1773 Ojibway 1774 Newfoundlander 1775 Hong Konger 1776 Ontarian 1777 Persian 1778 Trinidadian/Tobagonian 1779 Turkish 1780 Inuit, n.o.s. (138) 1781 Bangladeshi 1782 Algerian 1783 Brazilian 1784 Nigerian 1785 Armenian 1786 Slovak 1787 Eastern European, n.o.s. (139) 1788 Somali 1789 Taiwanese 1790 Iraqi 1791 Salvadorean 1792 African Caribbean 1793 East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s. (140) 1794 West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s. (141) 1795 Caribbean, n.o.s. (142) 1796 Algonquin 1797 West Indian, n.o.s. (143) 1798 Lithuanian 1799 South African 1800 Australian 1801 Palestinian 1802 Chilean 1803 Congolese 1804 Nova Scotian 1805 Ethiopian 1806 Hispanic, n.o.s. (144) 1807 Peruvian 1808 Yoruba 1809 Cambodian (Khmer) 1810 Berber 1811 Albanian 1812 Maltese 1813 Macedonian 1814 Slovenian 1815 Western European, n.o.s. (145) 1816 New Brunswicker 1817 Gujarati 1818 Eritrean 1819 African Canadian 1820 Israeli 1821 Mohawk 1822 Czechoslovakian, n.o.s. (146) 1823 Bulgarian 1824 Albertan 1825 Ghanaian 1826 Barbadian 1827 African American 1828 Yugoslavian, n.o.s. (147) 1829 Tunisian 1830 Slavic, n.o.s. (148) 1831 Cuban 1832 Bosnian 1833 Venezuelan 1834 Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s. (149) 1835 Latvian 1836 Bengali 1837 Cameroonian 1838 Guatemalan 1839 Indonesian 1840 Laotian 1841 Ilocano 1842 Northern Irish 1843 Celtic, n.o.s. (150) 1844 British Columbian 1845 Ecuadorian 1846 Franco Ontarian 1847 Argentinian 1848 Estonian 1849 Kurdish 1850 Fijian 1851 Jatt 1852 North American, n.o.s. (151) 1853 Coptic 1854 Thai 1855 Dominican 1856 Nepali 1857 Kabyle 1858 Assyrian 1859 Igbo 1860 Byelorussian 1861 Dene, n.o.s. (152) 1862 Blackfoot, n.o.s. (153) 1863 Abenaki 1864 Moldovan 1865 Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s. (154) 1866 New Zealander 1867 Sudanese 1868 Breton 1869 Pennsylvania Dutch 1870 Malaysian 1871 Plains Cree 1872 North African, n.o.s. (155) 1873 Huron (Wendat) 1874 Saskatchewanian 1875 Buddhist 1876 Gaspesian 1877 Norman 1878 Southern or East African, n.o.s. (156) 1879 Ivorian 1880 Saulteaux 1881 Anishinaabe, n.o.s. (157) 1882 Burundian 1883 Tigrinya 1884 Nicaraguan 1885 Mauritian 1886 Kenyan 1887 Oji-Cree 1888 Vincentian 1889 Jordanian 1890 Manitoban 1891 Cape Bretoner 1892 Rwandan 1893 Grenadian 1894 Malayali 1895 Chaldean 1896 Sinhalese 1897 Mayan 1898 Honduran 1899 Cherokee 1900 Qalipu Mi'kmaq 1901 Indo-Caribbean 1902 Flemish 1903 United Empire Loyalist 1904 Senegalese 1905 Azerbaijani 1906 Sicilian 1907 Pashtun 1908 Malay 1909 Goan 1910 Bantu, n.o.s. (158) 1911 Tibetan 1912 Zimbabwean 1913 Burmese 1914 Mongolian 1915 Azorean 1916 Atikamekw 1917 Bamileke 1918 Indo-Guyanese 1919 Ugandan 1920 Oromo 1921 Tanzanian 1922 Yemeni 1923 Central African 1924 Libyan 1925 Basque 1926 Uruguayan 1927 Akan, n.o.s. (159) 1928 Central or West African, n.o.s. (160) 1929 Igorot 1930 Fulani 1931 Woodland Cree 1932 Guinean 1933 St. Lucian 1934 Prince Edward Islander 1935 Maliseet 1936 Beninese 1937 Telugu 1938 Roma 1939 Costa Rican 1940 African Nova Scotian 1941 Malagasy 1942 Kashmiri 1943 Singaporean 1944 Karen 1945 Edo 1946 Tajik 1947 Amhara 1948 Paraguayan 1949 Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data (161) 1950 Buddhist 1951 Christian 1952 Christian, n.o.s. (162) 1953 Anabaptist 1954 Anglican 1955 Baptist 1956 Catholic 1957 Christian Orthodox 1958 Jehovah's Witness 1959 Latter Day Saints 1960 Lutheran 1961 Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 1962 Pentecostal and other Charismatic 1963 Presbyterian 1964 Reformed 1965 United Church 1966 Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 1967 Hindu 1968 Jewish 1969 Muslim 1970 Sikh 1971 Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 1972 Other religions and spiritual traditions 1973 No religion and secular perspectives 1974 Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data (163) 1975 Non-movers 1976 Movers 1977 Non-migrants 1978 Migrants 1979 Internal migrants 1980 Intraprovincial migrants 1981 Interprovincial migrants 1982 External migrants 1983 Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data (164) 1984 Non-movers 1985 Movers 1986 Non-migrants 1987 Migrants 1988 Internal migrants 1989 Intraprovincial migrants 1990 Interprovincial migrants 1991 External migrants 1992 Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data (165) 1993 No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 1994 With high school diploma or equivalency certificate (166) 1995 Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data (165) 1996 No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 1997 With high school diploma or equivalency certificate (166) 1998 Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data (165) 1999 No certificate, diploma or degree 2000 High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate (167) 2001 Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 2002 Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 2003 Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2004 Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma (168) 2005 Apprenticeship certificate (169) 2006 College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma (170) 2007 University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 2008 Bachelor's degree or higher 2009 Bachelor's degree 2010 University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 2011 Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 2012 Master's degree 2013 Earned doctorate (171) 2014 Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data (165) 2015 No certificate, diploma or degree 2016 High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate (167) 2017 Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 2018 Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 2019 Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2020 Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma (168) 2021 Apprenticeship certificate (169) 2022 College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma (170) 2023 University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 2024 Bachelor's degree or higher 2025 Bachelor's degree 2026 University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 2027 Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 2028 Master's degree 2029 Earned doctorate (171) 2030 Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data (172) 2031 No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree (173) 2032 Education 2033 13. Education 2034 Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2035 10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 2036 50. Visual and performing arts 2037 Humanities 2038 16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 2039 23. English language and literature/letters 2040 24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 2041 30A Interdisciplinary humanities (174) 2042 38. Philosophy and religious studies 2043 39. Theology and religious vocations 2044 54. History 2045 55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 2046 Social and behavioural sciences and law 2047 05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 2048 09. Communication, journalism and related programs 2049 19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 2050 22. Legal professions and studies 2051 30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences (175) 2052 42. Psychology 2053 45. Social sciences 2054 Business, management and public administration 2055 30.16 Accounting and computer science 2056 44. Public administration and social service professions 2057 52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 2058 Physical and life sciences and technologies 2059 26. Biological and biomedical sciences 2060 30.01 Biological and physical sciences 2061 30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences (176) 2062 40. Physical sciences 2063 41. Science technologies/technicians 2064 Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2065 11. Computer and information sciences and support services 2066 25. Library science 2067 27. Mathematics and statistics 2068 30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences (177) 2069 Architecture, engineering, and related trades 2070 04. Architecture and related services 2071 14. Engineering 2072 15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 2073 30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 2074 46. Construction trades 2075 47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 2076 48. Precision production 2077 Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 2078 01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields (178) 2079 03. Natural resources and conservation 2080 Health and related fields 2081 30.37 Design for human health 2082 31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 2083 51. Health professions and related programs (178) 2084 60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 2085 61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2086 Personal, protective and transportation services 2087 12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 2088 28. Military science, leadership and operational art 2089 29. Military technologies and applied sciences 2090 43. Security and protective services 2091 49. Transportation and materials moving 2092 Other (179) 2093 Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data (172) 2094 No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree (173) 2095 Education 2096 13. Education 2097 Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 2098 10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 2099 50. Visual and performing arts 2100 Humanities 2101 16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 2102 23. English language and literature/letters 2103 24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 2104 30A Interdisciplinary humanities (174) 2105 38. Philosophy and religious studies 2106 39. Theology and religious vocations 2107 54. History 2108 55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 2109 Social and behavioural sciences and law 2110 05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 2111 09. Communication, journalism and related programs 2112 19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 2113 22. Legal professions and studies 2114 30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences (175) 2115 42. Psychology 2116 45. Social sciences 2117 Business, management and public administration 2118 30.16 Accounting and computer science 2119 44. Public administration and social service professions 2120 52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 2121 Physical and life sciences and technologies 2122 26. Biological and biomedical sciences 2123 30.01 Biological and physical sciences 2124 30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences (176) 2125 40. Physical sciences 2126 41. Science technologies/technicians 2127 Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2128 11. Computer and information sciences and support services 2129 25. Library science 2130 27. Mathematics and statistics 2131 30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences (177) 2132 Architecture, engineering, and related trades 2133 04. Architecture and related services 2134 14. Engineering 2135 15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 2136 30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 2137 46. Construction trades 2138 47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 2139 48. Precision production 2140 Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 2141 01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields (178) 2142 03. Natural resources and conservation 2143 Health and related fields 2144 30.37 Design for human health 2145 31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 2146 51. Health professions and related programs (178) 2147 60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 2148 61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2149 Personal, protective and transportation services 2150 12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 2151 28. Military science, leadership and operational art 2152 29. Military technologies and applied sciences 2153 43. Security and protective services 2154 49. Transportation and materials moving 2155 Other (179) 2156 Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data (180) 2157 No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 2158 Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree (181) 2159 Location of study inside Canada 2160 Same as province or territory of residence 2161 Different than province or territory of residence 2162 Location of study outside Canada (182) 2163 Americas 2164 United States of America 2165 Mexico 2166 Cuba 2167 Haiti 2168 Jamaica 2169 Brazil 2170 Colombia 2171 Peru 2172 Venezuela (95) 2173 Other locations of study in Americas 2174 Europe 2175 Belgium 2176 France 2177 Germany 2178 Netherlands 2179 Switzerland 2180 Hungary 2181 Moldova (183) 2182 Poland 2183 Romania 2184 Russian Federation 2185 Ukraine 2186 Ireland (96) 2187 United Kingdom (87) 2188 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2189 Italy 2190 Serbia (86) 2191 Other locations of study in Europe 2192 Africa 2193 Nigeria 2194 Algeria 2195 Morocco 2196 Tunisia 2197 Egypt 2198 South Africa, Republic of 2199 Other locations of study in Africa 2200 Asia 2201 Iran (88) 2202 Iraq 2203 Israel 2204 Lebanon 2205 Syria (89) 2206 Turkey 2207 China (90) 2208 Taiwan 2209 Hong Kong (91) 2210 Japan 2211 Korea, South (92) 2212 Philippines 2213 Viet Nam 2214 Bangladesh 2215 Sri Lanka 2216 India 2217 Pakistan 2218 Other locations of study in Asia 2219 Oceania 2220 Australia 2221 New Zealand 2222 Other locations of study in Oceania 2223 Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data (184) 2224 In the labour force 2225 Employed 2226 Unemployed 2227 Not in the labour force 2228 Participation rate 2229 Employment rate 2230 Unemployment rate 2231 Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data (185) 2232 Did not work (186) 2233 Worked 2234 Worked full year full time (187) 2235 Worked part year and/or part time (188) 2236 Average weeks worked in reference year 2237 Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data (189) 2238 Class of worker - not applicable (190) 2239 All classes of workers (191) 2240 Employee 2241 Permanent position 2242 Temporary position 2243 Fixed term (1 year or more) 2244 Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 2245 Self-employed (192) 2246 Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data (193) 2247 Occupation - not applicable (190) 2248 All occupations (191) 2249 0 Legislative and senior management occupations 2250 1 Business, finance and administration occupations 2251 2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 2252 3 Health occupations 2253 4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 2254 5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 2255 6 Sales and service occupations 2256 7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 2257 8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 2258 9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 2259 Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data (194) 2260 Industry - not applicable (190) 2261 All industries (191) 2262 11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2263 21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 2264 22 Utilities 2265 23 Construction 2266 31-33 Manufacturing 2267 41 Wholesale trade 2268 44-45 Retail trade 2269 48-49 Transportation and warehousing 2270 51 Information and cultural industries 2271 52 Finance and insurance 2272 53 Real estate and rental and leasing 2273 54 Professional, scientific and technical services 2274 55 Management of companies and enterprises 2275 56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 2276 61 Educational services 2277 62 Health care and social assistance 2278 71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 2279 72 Accommodation and food services 2280 81 Other services (except public administration) 2281 91 Public administration 2282 Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data (195) 2283 English 2284 French 2285 Non-official language 2286 Indigenous (39) 2287 Non-Indigenous 2288 English and French 2289 English and non-official language(s) 2290 French and non-official language(s) 2291 English, French and non-official language(s) 2292 Multiple non-official languages 2293 Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data (196) 2294 Single responses 2295 Official languages 2296 English 2297 French 2298 Non-official languages 2299 Indigenous languages (39) 2300 Algonquian languages 2301 Blackfoot 2302 Cree-Innu languages 2303 Atikamekw 2304 Cree languages 2305 Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 2306 Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 2307 Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 2308 Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 2309 Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 2310 Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 2311 Cree, n.o.s. 2312 Innu (Montagnais) 2313 Naskapi 2314 Eastern Algonquian languages 2315 Mi'kmaq 2316 Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 2317 Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 2318 Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 2319 Oji-Cree 2320 Ojibway languages 2321 Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 2322 Daawaamwin (Odawa) 2323 Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 2324 Ojibway, n.o.s. 2325 Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 2326 Athabaskan languages 2327 Northern Athabaskan languages 2328 Dakelh (Carrier) 2329 Dane-zaa (Beaver) 2330 Dene, n.o.s. 2331 Gwich'in 2332 Slavey-Hare languages 2333 Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 2334 Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 2335 Slavey, n.o.s. 2336 Tahltan languages 2337 Tlicho (Dogrib) 2338 Tse'khene (Sekani) 2339 Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 2340 Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 2341 Tutchone languages 2342 Northern Tutchone 2343 Southern Tutchone 2344 Tutchone, n.o.s. 2345 Wetsuwet'en-Babine 2346 Tlingit 2347 Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 2348 Haida 2349 Inuktut (Inuit) languages 2350 Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 2351 Inuinnaqtun 2352 Inuvialuktun 2353 Inuktitut 2354 Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 2355 Iroquoian languages 2356 Mohawk 2357 Oneida 2358 Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 2359 Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 2360 Michif 2361 Salish languages 2362 Halkomelem 2363 Lillooet 2364 Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 2365 Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 2366 Squamish 2367 Straits 2368 Syilx (Okanagan) 2369 Salish languages, n.i.e. 2370 Siouan languages 2371 Assiniboine 2372 Dakota 2373 Stoney 2374 Siouan languages, n.i.e. 2375 Tsimshian languages 2376 Gitxsan (Gitksan) 2377 Nisga'a 2378 Tsimshian 2379 Wakashan languages 2380 Haisla 2381 Heiltsuk 2382 Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 2383 Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 2384 Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 2385 Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 2386 Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 2387 Non-Indigenous languages 2388 Afro-Asiatic languages 2389 Berber languages 2390 Kabyle 2391 Tamazight 2392 Berber languages, n.i.e. 2393 Chadic languages 2394 Coptic 2395 Cushitic languages 2396 Bilen 2397 Oromo 2398 Somali 2399 Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 2400 Semitic languages 2401 Amharic 2402 Arabic 2403 Aramaic languages 2404 Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 2405 Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 2406 Aramaic, n.o.s. 2407 Hebrew 2408 Tigrigna 2409 Semitic languages, n.i.e. 2410 Austro-Asiatic languages 2411 Khmer (Cambodian) 2412 Vietnamese 2413 Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 2414 Austronesian languages 2415 Bikol 2416 Bisaya, n.o.s. 2417 Cebuano 2418 Hiligaynon 2419 Ilocano 2420 Indonesian 2421 Kankanaey 2422 Malagasy languages 2423 Malay 2424 Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 2425 Pangasinan 2426 Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 2427 Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 2428 Creole languages 2429 Haitian Creole 2430 Jamaican English Creole 2431 Morisyen 2432 Creole, n.o.s. 2433 Creole languages, n.i.e. 2434 Dravidian languages 2435 Kannada 2436 Malayalam 2437 Tamil 2438 Telugu 2439 Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 2440 Georgian 2441 Indo-European languages 2442 Albanian 2443 Armenian 2444 Balto-Slavic languages 2445 Baltic languages 2446 Latvian 2447 Lithuanian 2448 Slavic languages 2449 Bulgarian 2450 Czech 2451 Macedonian 2452 Polish 2453 Russian 2454 Serbo-Croatian 2455 Bosnian 2456 Croatian 2457 Serbian 2458 Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 2459 Slovak 2460 Slovene (Slovenian) 2461 Ukrainian 2462 Slavic languages, n.i.e. 2463 Celtic languages 2464 Scottish Gaelic 2465 Celtic languages, n.i.e. 2466 Germanic languages 2467 Frisian 2468 High German languages 2469 German 2470 Pennsylvania German 2471 Swiss German 2472 Yiddish 2473 Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 2474 Afrikaans 2475 Dutch 2476 Low German, n.o.s. 2477 Low Saxon 2478 Plautdietsch 2479 Vlaams (Flemish) 2480 Scandinavian languages 2481 Danish 2482 Icelandic 2483 Norwegian 2484 Swedish 2485 Germanic languages, n.i.e. 2486 Greek 2487 Indo-Iranian languages 2488 Indo-Aryan languages 2489 Bengali 2490 Gujarati 2491 Hindi 2492 Kacchi 2493 Marathi 2494 Nepali 2495 Punjabi (Panjabi) 2496 Sindhi 2497 Sinhala (Sinhalese) 2498 Urdu 2499 Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 2500 Iranian languages 2501 Kurdish 2502 Pashto 2503 Persian languages 2504 Dari 2505 Iranian Persian 2506 Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 2507 Iranian languages, n.i.e. 2508 Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 2509 Italic (Romance) languages 2510 Catalan 2511 Italian 2512 Portuguese 2513 Romanian 2514 Spanish 2515 Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 2516 Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 2517 Japanese 2518 Korean 2519 Mongolian 2520 Niger-Congo languages 2521 Akan (Twi) 2522 Edo 2523 Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 2524 Ga 2525 Ganda 2526 Igbo 2527 Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 2528 Lingala 2529 Rundi (Kirundi) 2530 Shona 2531 Swahili 2532 Wolof 2533 Yoruba 2534 Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2535 Nilo-Saharan languages 2536 Dinka 2537 Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 2538 Sign languages 2539 American Sign Language 2540 Quebec Sign Language 2541 Sign languages, n.i.e. 2542 Sino-Tibetan languages 2543 Chinese languages 2544 Hakka 2545 Mandarin 2546 Min Dong 2547 Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2548 Wu (Shanghainese) 2549 Yue (Cantonese) 2550 Chinese, n.o.s. 2551 Chinese languages, n.i.e. 2552 Tibeto-Burman languages 2553 Burmese 2554 Karenic languages 2555 S'gaw Karen 2556 Karenic languages, n.i.e. 2557 Tibetan 2558 Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 2559 Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 2560 Tai-Kadai languages 2561 Lao 2562 Thai 2563 Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 2564 Turkic languages 2565 Azerbaijani 2566 Turkish 2567 Uyghur 2568 Uzbek 2569 Turkic languages, n.i.e. 2570 Uralic languages 2571 Estonian 2572 Finnish 2573 Hungarian 2574 Other languages, n.i.e. 2575 Multiple responses 2576 English and French 2577 English and non-official language(s) 2578 French and non-official language(s) 2579 English, French and non-official language(s) 2580 Multiple non-official languages 2581 Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data (197) 2582 None 2583 English 2584 French 2585 Non-official language 2586 Indigenous (39) 2587 Non-Indigenous 2588 English and French 2589 English and non-official language(s) 2590 French and non-official language(s) 2591 English, French and non-official language(s) 2592 Multiple non-official languages 2593 Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data (198) 2594 Worked at home 2595 Worked outside Canada 2596 No fixed workplace address 2597 Usual place of work 2598 Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data (199) 2599 Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 2600 Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 2601 Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 2602 Commute to a different province or territory 2603 Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data (200) 2604 Car, truck or van 2605 Car, truck or van - as a driver 2606 Car, truck or van - as a passenger 2607 Public transit 2608 Walked 2609 Bicycle 2610 Other method 2611 Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data (201) 2612 Less than 15 minutes 2613 15 to 29 minutes 2614 30 to 44 minutes 2615 45 to 59 minutes 2616 60 minutes and over 2617 Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data (202) 2618 Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 2619 Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 2620 Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 2621 Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 2622 Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 2623 Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 2624 Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data (203) 2625 Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 2626 Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 2627 Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data (204) 2628 Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 2629 Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 2630 Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 2631 Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language Footnotes Footnote 1 2021 and 2016 population: Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality. The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions. Footnote 2 Total private dwellings: Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons. Footnote 3 Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021. Footnote 4 The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars. Footnote 5 A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children, a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure. Footnote 6 There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present. Footnote 7 Includes foster children. Footnote 8 Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables. Footnote 9 Excludes multigenerational households. Footnote 10 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes. Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes: - Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor; - retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan; - benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan; - child benefits from federal and provincial programs; - social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits; - Canada workers benefit (CWB); - Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit; - other income from government sources. For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus. Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative). Footnote 11 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes. Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes: - Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor; - retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan; - benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan; - child benefits from federal and provincial programs; - social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits; - Canada workers benefit (CWB); - Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit; - other income from government sources. For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus. Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative). Footnote 12 Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Footnote 13 Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 14 Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative). Footnote 15 Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative). Footnote 16 Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 17 Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Footnote 18 Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Footnote 19 Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Footnote 20 Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes: - Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor; - retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan; - benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan; - child benefits from federal and provincial programs; - social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits; - Canada workers benefit (CWB); - Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit; - other income from government sources. For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Footnote 21 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Footnote 22 After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Footnote 23 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes. Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes: - Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor; - retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan; - benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan; - child benefits from federal and provincial programs; - social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits; - Canada workers benefit (CWB); - Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit; - other income from government sources. Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan. The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars. Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative). Footnote 24 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes. Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes: - Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor; - retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan; - benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan; - child benefits from federal and provincial programs; - social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits; - Canada workers benefit (CWB); - Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit; - other income from government sources. Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan. The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars. Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative). Footnote 25 Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars. Footnote 26 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income. Footnote 27 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income. Footnote 28 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income. Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 29 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income. Footnote 30 Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero). Footnote 31 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income. Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 32 Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between: - statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families; - statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations; - statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family. In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are: - employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); - income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds; - income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs); - other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships; - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income. Receipts excluded from this income definition are: - one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals; - capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income; - employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance; - voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption. After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income. Footnote 33 Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult. Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve. Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases. Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021. When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households. Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021. When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families. Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line. Footnote 34 Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households. Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified. Footnote 35 The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy. For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases. The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. Footnote 36 Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 37 First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person. For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 38 Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time. n.i.e. = not included elsewhere n.o.s. = not otherwise specified For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 39 Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population. Footnote 40 All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection. n.i.e. = not included elsewhere n.o.s. = not otherwise specified For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 41 Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here. n.i.e. = not included elsewhere n.o.s. = not otherwise specified For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 42 Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home. Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the "Other languages spoken regularly at home" variable. For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 43 Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey. n.i.e. = not included elsewhere n.o.s. = not otherwise specified For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 44 Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 45 This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Footnote 46 This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit). Footnote 47 This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit). Footnote 48 This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Footnote 49 Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians. Footnote 50 Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative. For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes. Footnote 51 Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others. Footnote 52 Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms. Footnote 53 Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements). Footnote 54 Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling. Footnote 55 Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS. 'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members. Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies. Footnote 56 Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions. For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed. Footnote 57 Includes data up to May 11, 2021. Footnote 58 Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions. Footnote 59 Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default. Footnote 60 Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default. The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person. Footnote 61 Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs. Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero. Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded. The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year. For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost. Footnote 62 Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability. Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: •Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. •Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. •Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable. Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable. Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings. Footnote 63 Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition. Footnote 64 Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling. Footnote 65 Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households. Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. Footnote 66 Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold. In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides. Footnote 67 Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances. Footnote 68 'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin. Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 69 'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry. Footnote 70 'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry. Footnote 71 'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry. Footnote 72 'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry. Footnote 73 'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry. Footnote 74 'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry. Footnote 75 'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only. Footnote 76 'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization. For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 77 'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country. Footnote 78 'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category. Footnote 79 'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident. 'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status. For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 80 'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Footnote 81 'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021. Footnote 82 Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021. Footnote 83 'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Footnote 84 'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status. 'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021. For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 85 'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021. The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level. 'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada. For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 86 Serbia excludes Kosovo. Footnote 87 The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories). Footnote 88 The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran. Footnote 89 The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic. Footnote 90 China excludes Hong Kong and Macao. Footnote 91 The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. Footnote 92 The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea. Footnote 93 The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.' Footnote 94 'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021. 'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level. 'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada. For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 95 The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Footnote 96 Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland. Footnote 97 The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan. Footnote 98 The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.' Footnote 99 'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 100 'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada. Footnote 101 'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants. Footnote 102 'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada. Footnote 103 'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. 'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence. 'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021. For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 104 'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs. Footnote 105 'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence. Footnote 106 'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence. Footnote 107 'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category. Footnote 108 'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors. Footnote 109 'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories. Footnote 110 'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021. 'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 111 This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission. Footnote 112 This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work. Footnote 113 This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study. Footnote 114 This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Footnote 115 This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Footnote 116 This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Footnote 117 'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese. In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere. For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 118 In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere. Footnote 119 The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian." Footnote 120 In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population." Footnote 121 'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries. The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census. The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level. For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 122 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French"). Footnote 123 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom"). Footnote 124 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian"). Footnote 125 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian"). Footnote 126 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European"). Footnote 127 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African"). Footnote 128 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab"). Footnote 129 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian"). Footnote 130 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree"). Footnote 131 The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic"). Footnote 132 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous"). Footnote 133 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian"). Footnote 134 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq"). Footnote 135 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian"). Footnote 136 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American"). Footnote 137 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black"). Footnote 138 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit"). Footnote 139 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European"). Footnote 140 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian"). Footnote 141 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian"). Footnote 142 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean"). Footnote 143 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian"). Footnote 144 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic"). Footnote 145 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European"). Footnote 146 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian"). Footnote 147 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian"). Footnote 148 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic"). Footnote 149 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais"). Footnote 150 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic"). Footnote 151 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American"). Footnote 152 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene"). Footnote 153 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot"). Footnote 154 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee"). Footnote 155 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African"). Footnote 156 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African"). Footnote 157 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe"). Footnote 158 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu"). Footnote 159 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan"). Footnote 160 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African"). Footnote 161 'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 162 The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity"). Footnote 163 Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date. Footnote 164 Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date. Footnote 165 For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013. Footnote 166 This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Footnote 167 'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Footnote 168 'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS). Footnote 169 'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations. Footnote 170 College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than 3 months are not included in this category. Footnote 171 'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates. Footnote 172 This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013. Footnote 173 'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma. Footnote 174 Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.' Footnote 175 Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.' Footnote 176 Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.' Footnote 177 Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.' Footnote 178 Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021. Footnote 179 Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.' Footnote 180 For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013. Footnote 181 'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees. Footnote 182 The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level. Footnote 183 The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova. Footnote 184 Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021. For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 185 Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week). Footnote 186 Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020. Footnote 187 Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020. Footnote 188 Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week. Footnote 189 Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary. Footnote 190 Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020. Footnote 191 Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021. Footnote 192 Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers. Footnote 193 Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0. Footnote 194 Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0. Footnote 195 "All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis. For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 196 Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often. n.i.e. = not included elsewhere n.o.s. = not otherwise specified For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 197 "Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work. Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable. For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021. Footnote 198 Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work). Footnote 199 Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work. Footnote 200 Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work. The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting. Footnote 201 Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work. Footnote 202 Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work. Footnote 203 Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship. In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census. Footnote 204 Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship. In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020. For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.